中心議題：

• 多晶矽錠定向凝固工藝
• 矽錠生長的經濟性指標

用於製造太陽能矽片的多晶矽錠的生長是一個相當複雜的工藝。矽錠生長工藝的目標在於優化矽錠合格率（所生產的可製成矽片的合格材料數量）hechanchu
，bingzuizhongshengchanchukezhichenggaoxiaodianchidecailiao
，congershixianyinglifenghoudeyunyingjieguo。weishixianzheyimubiao

，guidingshengchanggongyixuyaojinxingyangejiankong，bingxuduidingxiangningguluzaijiejinggongyiqijiandewushuzhongbianliangjiayiyouxiaokongzhi。

現在有這樣一種趨勢認為“矽錠越大越好”，越大的一定就越好嗎

？本文將對一些與更大尺寸矽錠的生長及其對矽錠生長運營的經濟影響有關的難題進行探討。

了解定向凝固工藝

用yong於yu生sheng產chan太tai陽yang能neng矽gui片pian的de原yuan料liao矽gui在zai矽gui錠ding生sheng長chang工gong藝yi期qi間jian以yi一yi種zhong高gao度du控kong製zhi的de方fang式shi進jin行xing生sheng長chang
，從cong而er達da到dao優you化hua晶jing粒li結jie構gou的de目mu的de，並bing確que保bao雜za質zhi在zai結jie晶jing至zhi多duo晶jing矽gui錠ding中zhong以yi前qian就jiu被bei分fen離li出chu熔rong化hua階jie段duan。更geng好hao的de晶jing粒li結jie構gou和he更geng少shao的de雜za質zhi意yi味wei著zhe更geng高gao品pin質zhi的de矽gui錠ding，從cong而er可ke令ling太tai陽yang能neng電dian池chi獲huo得de更geng高gao效xiao率lv，而er多duo晶jing矽gui爐lu兆zhao瓦wa產chan量liang也ye會hui更geng高gao。

多duo晶jing矽gui錠ding的de生sheng產chan是shi一yi個ge批pi量liang工gong藝yi
，因yin此ci，每mei批pi處chu理li更geng多duo材cai料liao以yi降jiang低di單dan位wei成cheng本ben具ju有you十shi分fen重zhong要yao的de經jing濟ji意yi義yi。過guo去qu數shu年nian中zhong
，具ju有you生sheng產chan價jia值zhi的de鑄zhu錠ding爐lu產chan能neng的de增zeng長chang使shi得de矽gui錠ding尺chi寸cun已yi從cong240千克（第4代）左右增加至450千克左右（第5代）。相較於矽錠尺寸的不斷增加
，矽錠高度仍然保持在25至26厘米間的一個相對穩定的數值。

最zui近jin，數shu個ge鑄zhu錠ding爐lu供gong應ying商shang聲sheng稱cheng自zi己ji已yi生sheng產chan出chu更geng大da尺chi寸cun的de矽gui錠ding。這zhe是shi否fou僅jin僅jin是shi向xiang著zhe更geng大da矽gui錠ding目mu標biao前qian進jin的de道dao路lu上shang的de下xia一yi步bu呢ne
？是shi否fou存cun在zai一yi個ge最zui佳jia的de矽gui錠ding尺chi寸cun？

矽錠生長經濟性

矽錠生長工藝是一種資本密集型工廠運營。如今的高產量矽片生產工廠可能會在生產中用到多達100taidechangjinglu。zujianjiagedechixuxiajiangzhengtongguozhenggetaiyangnengshengchanjiazhilianduilirunlvchanshengzhongdayingxiang，zhejiuyaoqiushengchanshangnenggouquebaoyunyingguochengzhongdemeiyigehuanjiejunnengtigongjiazhihuibao。jinguangengdadeguidingchicunkansishiyigeconggudingzichanshebeitouzizhonghuodegengduojiazhidejiejuefangan，danguipianshengchanshangrengranyinggaizaitouzishengchangengdaguidingsuoxudeshebeiqianzaixikaolvnenggouqudongzuidajiazhidesigeguanjianjingjiyinsu
，jimeiqiankechanpindexiaoshoushouru、矽錠合格率
、生產能力以及設備價格。

隨著矽錠尺寸的寬度從數年前的55x55厘米穩定增加至如今84x84厘li米mi的de標biao準zhun，其qi高gao度du並bing未wei發fa生sheng相xiang應ying增zeng長chang。更geng寬kuan的de矽gui錠ding顯xian然ran可ke以yi生sheng產chan出chu更geng多duo可ke製zhi成cheng矽gui片pian的de合he格ge矽gui。在zai用yong上shang述shu四si項xiang關guan鍵jian經jing濟ji因yin素su加jia以yi分fen析xi後hou，可ke以yi看kan到dao長chang晶jing爐lu從cong第di4代（240千克）至第5代（450千克）deguoduweishengchanshangdailailekehengliangdejiazhizengchang。danshi，guidingkeyishengchangdaodekuanduyexucunzaiyigejixian
，shidehegecailiaodechannengzengjiazhizhubuxiajiang，zhizhididaoguidingshengchangyunyingchengbenzengjiadelinjiedianzhixia。

隨(sui)著(zhe)矽(gui)錠(ding)變(bian)得(de)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)寬(kuan)
，加(jia)熱(re)動(dong)力(li)學(xue)也(ye)麵(mian)臨(lin)著(zhe)更(geng)多(duo)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)，因(yin)為(wei)熔(rong)融(rong)矽(gui)的(de)中(zhong)心(xin)點(dian)和(he)加(jia)熱(re)室(shi)周(zhou)邊(bian)熱(re)區(qu)加(jia)熱(re)部(bu)件(jian)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)距(ju)離(li)在(zai)不(bu)斷(duan)增(zeng)加(jia)。這(zhe)個(ge)距(ju)離(li)越(yue)大(da)，越(yue)可(ke)能(neng)導(dao)致(zhi)固(gu)液(ye)界(jie)麵(mian)形(xing)狀(zhuang)不(bu)均(jun)衡(heng)
，因(yin)此(ci)會(hui)令(ling)矽(gui)錠(ding)邊(bian)到(dao)邊(bian)的(de)晶體生(sheng)長(chang)無(wu)法(fa)實(shi)現(xian)最(zui)佳(jia)效(xiao)果(guo)。而(er)矽(gui)錠(ding)合(he)格(ge)率(lv)也(ye)可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)因(yin)此(ci)而(er)下(xia)降(jiang)，因(yin)為(wei)材(cai)料(liao)質(zhi)量(liang)不(bu)理(li)想(xiang)使(shi)得(de)更(geng)多(duo)百(bai)分(fen)比(bi)的(de)矽(gui)錠(ding)無(wu)法(fa)轉(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)矽(gui)片(pian)。為(wei)了(le)解(jie)決(jue)這(zhe)個(ge)問(wen)題(ti)，生(sheng)產(chan)商(shang)可(ke)以(yi)增(zeng)加(jia)矽(gui)錠(ding)生(sheng)長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)

，但(dan)這(zhe)樣(yang)一(yi)來(lai)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)會(hui)因(yin)為(wei)生(sheng)產(chan)能(neng)力(li)的(de)下(xia)降(jiang)而(er)受(shou)到(dao)不(bu)利(li)影(ying)響(xiang)。

定(ding)向(xiang)凝(ning)固(gu)爐(lu)供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)也(ye)在(zai)探(tan)索(suo)使(shi)矽(gui)錠(ding)長(chang)得(de)更(geng)高(gao)的(de)方(fang)式(shi)，以(yi)達(da)到(dao)每(mei)批(pi)生(sheng)產(chan)更(geng)多(duo)可(ke)製(zhi)成(cheng)矽(gui)片(pian)的(de)矽(gui)錠(ding)重(zhong)量(liang)的(de)目(mu)的(de)。由(you)於(yu)矽(gui)錠(ding)的(de)高(gao)度(du)受(shou)到(dao)爐(lu)子(zi)加(jia)熱(re)區(qu)的(de)最(zui)大(da)腔(qiang)體(ti)尺(chi)寸(cun)的(de)限(xian)製(zhi)
，因(yin)此(ci)必(bi)須(xu)對(dui)設(she)備(bei)加(jia)以(yi)改(gai)造(zao)。和(he)生(sheng)長(chang)更(geng)寬(kuan)的(de)矽(gui)錠(ding)類(lei)似(si)，這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)聽(ting)起(qi)來(lai)十(shi)分(fen)簡(jian)單(dan)直(zhi)觀(guan)，但(dan)生(sheng)產(chan)更(geng)高(gao)的(de)矽(gui)錠(ding)並(bing)非(fei)不(bu)存(cun)在(zai)難(nan)題(ti)。

yinweidingxiangninggulushicongganguodibuchouqureliang
，yincizengjiaguidinggaoduyiweizhereliangbixuzaiewaidecailiaozhongjingligengchangdejuli。ruguoreliangchouqudetaikuai
，guidingdingbuhedibuzhijiandewendutidujiuhuizengjia。zhezhongqingkuanghuishideguidingfashengguilie
，yinerlingguidinghegelvxiajiang。ciwai
，reliangzaigenggaodeguidingzhongjinglideewaishijiankenenghuizengjiapicigongyishijian
，congerdaozhishengchanlvdexiajiang。yinci

，picizhongliangchicunhegaodudezengchangbixuhezhouqishijianzhijiandadaoyigeqiaomiaodepinghengyishixianjingshengchannenglidezengjia。
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還hai有you其qi它ta一yi些xie與yu生sheng產chan更geng大da矽gui錠ding相xiang關guan的de上shang遊you和he下xia遊you生sheng產chan問wen題ti
，這zhe些xie問wen題ti會hui影ying響xiang生sheng產chan成cheng本ben，因yin此ci必bi須xu在zai固gu定ding資zi產chan設she備bei的de采cai購gou決jue策ce中zhong加jia以yi考kao量liang。從cong上shang遊you來lai說shuo，坩gan堝guo成cheng本ben將jiang隨sui著zhe坩gan堝guo尺chi寸cun的de增zeng加jia而er增zeng加jia，而er坩gan堝guo的de準zhun備bei成cheng本ben也ye會hui隨sui著zhe塗tu層ceng工gong藝yi的de日ri益yi複fu雜za而er增zeng加jia。從cong下xia遊you來lai說shuo，更geng寬kuan的de矽gui錠ding可ke能neng需xu要yao更geng大da的de切qie方fang線xian鋸ju設she備bei來lai進jin行xing處chu理li。

最(zui)後(hou)，如(ru)果(guo)矽(gui)錠(ding)生(sheng)長(chang)和(he)線(xian)切(qie)割(ge)操(cao)作(zuo)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)平(ping)衡(heng)無(wu)法(fa)維(wei)持(chi)，總(zong)體(ti)矽(gui)片(pian)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)也(ye)會(hui)下(xia)降(jiang)。生(sheng)產(chan)更(geng)多(duo)可(ke)製(zhi)成(cheng)矽(gui)片(pian)的(de)矽(gui)錠(ding)材(cai)料(liao)可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)增(zeng)加(jia)生(sheng)產(chan)能(neng)力(li)和(he)爐(lu)子(zi)的(de)利(li)用(yong)率(lv)，但(dan)如(ru)果(guo)線(xian)切(qie)割(ge)操(cao)作(zuo)無(wu)法(fa)處(chu)理(li)增(zeng)加(jia)後(hou)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)或(huo)波(bo)形(xing)因(yin)數(shu)，就(jiu)可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)在(zai)製(zhi)品(pin)(WIP)瓶頸或降低線鋸利用率
，從而導致矽片生產運營的總體生產力下降。影響矽錠生長的因素分析見表1。



價值指標

jiazhizhibiaodegainianshipinggushengchangengdaguidingdejingjiyingxiangdeyizhongshiyonggongju。yingxiangdaoguidingshengchangjingjixingdelugongyingshangzhijiandezhuyaogongnengchayikeyibiaodaweixiashi：



以下將說明四項首要標準如何與鑄錠爐的經濟性息息相關：

Revenue/Kg（每千克產品的銷售收入）

guipiandejingtipinzhihuiyingxiangzuizhongdetaiyangnengdianchixiaolv
，congeryingxiangdaozujiandexiaolv。youhuakezhichengguipiandecailiaodeshuliangkeyouzhuyujiangdishengchanchengben，bingjinerqudongsuoshengchengdemeiqiankecailiaohuodegengduodexiaoshoushouru。

矽錠合格率

如先前所描述
，矽錠合格率是指裁切成方形後可用於製成矽片的矽錠重量除以矽錠生長前的所裝矽料重量。

生產能力

鑄zhu錠ding爐lu生sheng產chan能neng力li是shi由you矽gui錠ding尺chi寸cun以yi及ji其qi將jiang多duo晶jing矽gui原yuan材cai料liao轉zhuan化hua為wei多duo晶jing矽gui矽gui錠ding需xu要yao的de時shi間jian所suo構gou成cheng的de一yi個ge函han數shu。具ju體ti公gong式shi可ke表biao述shu為wei矽gui錠ding尺chi寸cun除chu以yi工gong藝yi時shi間jian

，單dan位wei通tong常chang為wei千qian克ke/小時。

設備價格

gaijiazhijinzhizhudingludecaigouchengben。zaibijiaobutongzhudinglugongyingshangdeguochengzhongyingyongjiazhizhibiaoshi，changchanghuiyongdaomeiniandezhejiuzhichu，jishebeijiagechuyizhejiunianxian。

dangshengchanshangkaolvgoumaixindedingxiangningguluhuoshengjixianyouxitongyishengchangengdadeguidingshi
，yingzaixipingguqianzaiyinsuyibangzhuquedingdangqiandeguoduxingweishifoujuyoujingjikexingxing。