爆震傳感器有很多種，其中應用最早的當屬磁致伸縮式爆震傳感器，它主要由磁芯、永(yong)久(jiu)磁(ci)鐵(tie)和(he)感(gan)應(ying)線(xian)圈(quan)等(deng)組(zu)成(cheng)。當(dang)機(ji)體(ti)振(zhen)動(dong)時(shi)，磁(ci)心(xin)受(shou)振(zhen)偏(pian)移(yi)，使(shi)感(gan)應(ying)線(xian)圈(quan)內(nei)的(de)磁(ci)通(tong)量(liang)發(fa)生(sheng)變(bian)化(hua)
，而(er)在(zai)感(gan)應(ying)線(xian)圈(quan)內(nei)產(chan)生(sheng)感(gan)應(ying)電(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)。其(qi)他(ta)種(zhong)類(lei)如(ru)壓(ya)電(dian)陶(tao)瓷(ci)式(shi)
，當(dang)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)有(you)抖(dou)動(dong)時(shi)裏(li)麵(mian)的(de)陶(tao)瓷(ci)受(shou)到(dao)擠(ji)壓(ya)產(chan)生(sheng)一(yi)個(ge)電(dian)信(xin)號(hao)，因(yin)為(wei)這(zhe)個(ge)電(dian)信(xin)號(hao)很(hen)弱(ruo)所(suo)以(yi)一(yi)般(ban)的(de)爆(bao)震(zhen)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)的(de)連(lian)接(jie)線(xian)上(shang)都(dou)用(yong)屏(ping)蔽(bi)線(xian)包(bao)裹(guo)。

其(qi)中(zhong)壓(ya)電(dian)式(shi)共(gong)振(zhen)型(xing)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)應(ying)用(yong)最(zui)多(duo)
，它(ta)一(yi)般(ban)安(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)機(ji)體(ti)上(shang)部(bu)，利(li)用(yong)壓(ya)電(dian)效(xiao)應(ying)把(ba)爆(bao)震(zhen)時(shi)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)機(ji)械(xie)振(zhen)動(dong)轉(zhuan)變(bian)為(wei)信(xin)號(hao)電(dian)壓(ya)。當(dang)產(chan)生(sheng)爆(bao)震(zhen)時(shi)的(de)振(zhen)動(dong)頻(pin)率(lv)（約6000Hz左右）與壓電效應傳感器自身的固有頻率一致時，即產生共振現象。這時傳感器會輸出一個很高的爆震信號電壓送至ECU，ECU及時修正點火時間


，避免爆震的產生。

 

低di標biao號hao燃ran油you，點dian火huo過guo早zao等deng原yuan因yin引yin起qi的de發fa動dong機ji爆bao震zhen會hui造zao成cheng發fa動dong機ji損sun壞huai。爆bao震zhen傳chuan感gan器qi的de作zuo用yong是shi將jiang發fa動dong機ji爆bao震zhen以yi電dian信xin號hao的de形xing式shi傳chuan遞di給gei電dian子zi控kong製zhi模mo
，作zuo為wei控kong製zhi模mo塊kuai調tiao整zheng點dian火huo正zheng時shi以yi阻zu止zhi進jin一yi步bu爆bao震zhen的de重zhong要yao依yi據ju。爆bao震zhen傳chuan感gan器qi一yi般ban都dou是shi壓ya電dian陶tao瓷ci式shi的de
，當dang發fa動dong機ji有you抖dou動dong時shi裏li麵mian的de陶tao瓷ci受shou到dao擠ji壓ya產chan生sheng一yi個ge電dian信xin號hao。

 

 

baozhenchuanganqishijiaoliuxinhaofashengqi，dantamenyuqitadaduoshuqichejiaoliuxinhaofashengqidabuxiangtong
，chulexiangcidianshiquzhouhetulunzhouweizhichuanganqiyiyangtancezhuanzhoudesuduheweizhi，tamenyetancezhendonghuojixieyali。yudingzihecizuqibutong
，tamentongchangshiyadianzhuangzhi。tamennengganzhijixieyalihuozhendong（例如發動機起爆震時能產生交流電壓）的特殊材料構成。

 

點火過早，排氣再循環不良，低標號燃油等原因引起的發動機爆震會造成發動機損壞。爆震傳感器向電腦（有的通過控製模塊PCM）提供爆震信號
，使得電腦能重新調整點火正時以阻止進一步爆震。它們實際上是充當點火正時反饋控製循環的“氧傳感器”角色。

 

爆bao震zhen傳chuan感gan器qi安an放fang在zai發fa動dong機ji體ti或huo汽qi缸gang的de不bu同tong位wei置zhi。當dang振zhen動dong或huo敲qiao缸gang發fa生sheng時shi
，它ta產chan生sheng一yi個ge小xiao電dian壓ya峰feng值zhi，敲qiao缸gang或huo振zhen動dong越yue大da。爆bao震zhen傳chuan感gan器qi產chan主zhu峰feng值zhi就jiu越yue大da。一yi定ding高gao的de頻pin率lv表biao明ming是shi爆bao震zhen或huo敲qiao缸gang，爆bao震zhen傳chuan感gan器qi通tong常chang設she計ji成cheng測ce量liang5至15qianhefanweidepinlv。dangkongzhidanyuanjieshoudaozhexiepinlvshi
，diannaozhongxiuzhengdianhuozhengshi，yizuzhijixubaozhen

，baozhenchuanganqitongchangshifennaiyong。suoyichuanganqizhihuiyinbenshenshixiaoersunhuai。

 

發動機爆震時產生壓力波，其頻率為1-10KHZ.壓ya力li波bo傳chuan給gei缸gang體ti
，使shi其qi金jin屬shu質zhi點dian產chan生sheng振zhen動dong加jia速su度du。加jia速su度du計ji爆bao震zhen傳chuan感gan器qi就jiu是shi通tong過guo測ce量liang缸gang體ti表biao麵mian的de震zhen動dong加jia速su度du來lai檢jian測ce爆bao震zhen壓ya力li的de強qiang弱ruo。點dian火huo時shi間jian過guo早zao是shi產chan生sheng爆bao震zhen的de一yi個ge主zhu要yao原yuan因yin。由you於yu要yao求qiu發fa動dong機ji能neng發fa出chu最zui大da功gong率lv
，為wei了le不bu損sun失shi發fa動dong機ji功gong率lv而er有you不bu產chan生sheng爆bao震zhen，安an裝zhuang爆bao震zhen傳chuan感gan器qi

，使shi電dian子zi控kong製zhi裝zhuang置zhi自zi動dong調tiao節jie點dian火huo時shi間jian.