中心議題：

• 霍耳傳感器應用要點

解決方案

• 考慮電機霍耳傳感器芯片的高溫特性
• 電機霍耳傳感器芯片的抗靜電能力
• 霍耳傳感器芯片的抗浪湧電壓或抗浪湧電流能力
• 正確焊接
  ，焊接溫度不能太高

電動自行車用的直流無刷電機的轉子是由30到40塊釹鐵硼磁鋼構成。由於釹鐵硼磁鋼的表麵磁場強度超過500mT，電(dian)動(dong)自(zi)行(xing)車(che)用(yong)的(de)直(zhi)流(liu)無(wu)刷(shua)電(dian)機(ji)裏(li)的(de)位(wei)置(zhi)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)特(te)別(bie)適(shi)合(he)采(cai)用(yong)矽(gui)霍(huo)耳(er)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)。矽(gui)霍(huo)耳(er)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)的(de)製(zhi)造(zao)工(gong)藝(yi)可(ke)以(yi)與(yu)集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)芯(xin)片(pian)工(gong)藝(yi)流(liu)程(cheng)完(wan)全(quan)兼(jian)容(rong)
，這(zhe)樣(yang)，矽(gui)霍(huo)耳(er)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)後(hou)續(xu)的(de)信(xin)號(hao)處(chu)理(li)電(dian)路(lu)
，包(bao)括(kuo)前(qian)置(zhi)放(fang)大(da)器(qi)，施(shi)密(mi)特(te)觸(chu)發(fa)器(qi)和(he)集(ji)電(dian)極(ji)開(kai)路(lu)輸(shu)出(chu)級(ji)可(ke)以(yi)方(fang)便(bian)地(di)集(ji)成(cheng)在(zai)同(tong)一(yi)個(ge)矽(gui)片(pian)上(shang)，形(xing)成(cheng)霍(huo)耳(er)集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)芯(xin)片(pian)。
　　
keyiyongzuozhiliuwushuadianjiweizhichuanganqidehuoerchuanganqixinpianfenweikaiguanxinghesuodingxingliangzhong。duiyudiandongzixingchedianji
，zheliangzhonghuoerchuanganqixinpiandoukeyiyonglaijingqueceliangzhuanzicigangdeweizhi。genjushiyanbijiaobanquansuoyou，yongzheliangzhonghuoerchuanganqixinpianzhibeidezhiliuwushuadianjidexingneng
，baokuodianjideshuchugonglv、效率和轉矩等沒有任何差別
，並可以兼容相同的電機控製器。
　　
danshi
，zhebingbubiaoshi，dianjishengchanchangjiakeyisuibianshiyongshimianshangdedianjihuoerchuanganqixinpian。yeneirenshikenengjingchangtingdao
，dianjishengchanchangjiayouyucaigouheshiyonghuoerchuanganqixinpianbudang
，daozhichangjiayinqijuejingjisunshi
，shenzhidaozhiqiyepochan。xiamianlaifenxichangjiashiyongdianjihuoerchuanganqixinpianbuzhengquedejizhongqingkuang：
　　
第一：廠家沒有考慮電機霍耳傳感器芯片的高溫特性，電動自行車是在野外工作，尤其是在夏天
，地麵溫度可能超過60攝氏度，再加上電機內部產生的溫度升高也會超過60度，電機內部的溫度會超過120攝氏度。這樣要求電動自行車用的電機霍耳傳感器芯片在溫度超過120攝she氏shi度du下xia仍reng然ran能neng夠gou正zheng常chang工gong作zuo，我wo們men稱cheng這zhe種zhong芯xin片pian裏li的de電dian路lu為wei高gao溫wen集ji成cheng電dian路lu。高gao溫wen集ji成cheng電dian路lu的de設she計ji和he加jia工gong製zhi造zao與yu常chang規gui電dian路lu有you很hen大da的de不bu同tong

，成cheng本ben要yao遠yuan高gao於yu常chang溫wen集ji成cheng電dian路lu。市shi麵mian上shang流liu行xing的de許xu多duo種zhong電dian機ji霍huo耳er傳chuan感gan器qi芯xin片pian並bing不bu是shi高gao溫wen集ji成cheng電dian路lu金jin屬shu加jia工gong網wang版ban權quan所suo有you
，所suo以yi，夏xia天tian電dian動dong自zi行xing車che出chu故gu障zhang的de幾ji率lv大da，這zhe一yi點dian
，從cong在zai夏xia天tian維wei修xiu市shi場chang的de生sheng意yi特te別bie好hao就jiu可ke以yi看kan出chu來lai。
　　
第二：不(bu)同(tong)的(de)電(dian)機(ji)型(xing)號(hao)和(he)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)電(dian)機(ji)設(she)計(ji)結(jie)構(gou)
，需(xu)要(yao)采(cai)用(yong)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)電(dian)機(ji)霍(huo)耳(er)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)芯(xin)片(pian)
，主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)霍(huo)耳(er)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)的(de)磁(ci)場(chang)靈(ling)敏(min)度(du)或(huo)者(zhe)稱(cheng)磁(ci)場(chang)的(de)開(kai)起(qi)點(dian)要(yao)與(yu)電(dian)機(ji)型(xing)號(hao)和(he)結(jie)構(gou)相(xiang)匹(pi)配(pei)。不(bu)同(tong)的(de)電(dian)機(ji)型(xing)號(hao)和(he)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)電(dian)機(ji)設(she)計(ji)結(jie)構(gou)轉(zhuan)子(zi)磁(ci)場(chang)有(you)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)磁(ci)場(chang)分(fen)布(bu)和(he)磁(ci)場(chang)分(fen)布(bu)漲(zhang)落(luo)。如(ru)果(guo)霍(huo)耳(er)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)的(de)磁(ci)靈(ling)敏(min)度(du)太(tai)高(gao)或(huo)者(zhe)太(tai)低(di)，由(you)於(yu)轉(zhuan)子(zi)磁(ci)鋼(gang)和(he)磁(ci)鋼(gang)縫(feng)隙(xi)磁(ci)場(chang)分(fen)布(bu)的(de)不(bu)規(gui)則(ze)漲(zhang)落(luo)，會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)位(wei)置(zhi)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)給(gei)出(chu)錯(cuo)誤(wu)的(de)信(xin)號(hao)
，引(yin)起(qi)控(kong)製(zhi)器(qi)發(fa)生(sheng)邏(luo)輯(ji)混(hun)亂(luan)，輕(qing)則(ze)出(chu)現(xian)電(dian)機(ji)噪(zao)音(yin)大(da)
、振zhen動dong厲li害hai或huo死si機ji等deng現xian象xiang，重zhong則ze導dao致zhi控kong製zhi器qi裏li的de逆ni變bian器qi發fa生sheng垂chui直zhi導dao通tong而er燒shao毀hui控kong製zhi器qi和he電dian機ji。所suo以yi，霍huo耳er傳chuan感gan器qi芯xin片pian生sheng產chan廠chang家jia或huo銷xiao售shou商shang要yao為wei電dian機ji用yong戶hu提ti供gong周zhou到dao的de售shou後hou服fu務wu，讓rang霍huo耳er傳chuan感gan器qi與yu所suo要yao裝zhuang配pei的de電dian機ji相xiang匹pi配pei。
　　
第三：廠家沒有考慮電機霍耳傳感器芯片的抗靜電能力。市麵上流行的電機霍耳傳感器芯片由兩種製造工藝加工生產：雙極工藝和CMOS工藝。用CMOS工(gong)藝(yi)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)電(dian)機(ji)霍(huo)耳(er)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)芯(xin)片(pian)抗(kang)靜(jing)電(dian)能(neng)力(li)很(hen)差(cha)，如(ru)果(guo)電(dian)機(ji)生(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)上(shang)沒(mei)有(you)特(te)別(bie)的(de)防(fang)靜(jing)電(dian)設(she)施(shi)，霍(huo)耳(er)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)很(hen)容(rong)易(yi)受(shou)到(dao)靜(jing)電(dian)損(sun)傷(shang)，通(tong)常(chang)這(zhe)種(zhong)損(sun)傷(shang)在(zai)電(dian)機(ji)出(chu)廠(chang)時(shi)無(wu)法(fa)檢(jian)測(ce)出(chu)來(lai)，因(yin)為(wei)當(dang)時(shi)受(shou)到(dao)靜(jing)電(dian)傷(shang)害(hai)的(de)霍(huo)耳(er)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)仍(reng)然(ran)能(neng)夠(gou)工(gong)作(zuo)。但(dan)是(shi)它(ta)的(de)壽(shou)命(ming)已(yi)經(jing)大(da)大(da)減(jian)小(xiao)
，尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)在(zai)高(gao)溫(wen)或(huo)潮(chao)濕(shi)環(huan)境(jing)下(xia)，受(shou)到(dao)靜(jing)電(dian)傷(shang)害(hai)的(de)霍(huo)耳(er)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)特(te)別(bie)容(rong)易(yi)失(shi)效(xiao)
，導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)機(ji)出(chu)廠(chang)後(hou)的(de)反(fan)修(xiu)率(lv)大(da)大(da)增(zeng)加(jia)，會(hui)給(gei)電(dian)機(ji)廠(chang)家(jia)帶(dai)來(lai)巨(ju)大(da)經(jing)濟(ji)損(sun)失(shi)。所(suo)以(yi)電(dian)機(ji)廠(chang)家(jia)不(bu)要(yao)采(cai)購(gou)使(shi)用(yong)CMOS工(gong)藝(yi)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)霍(huo)耳(er)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)芯(xin)片(pian)。用(yong)雙(shuang)極(ji)工(gong)藝(yi)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)電(dian)機(ji)霍(huo)耳(er)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)芯(xin)片(pian)抗(kang)靜(jing)電(dian)能(neng)力(li)較(jiao)好(hao)，能(neng)基(ji)本(ben)滿(man)足(zu)無(wu)靜(jing)電(dian)防(fang)護(hu)設(she)施(shi)電(dian)機(ji)生(sheng)產(chan)廠(chang)家(jia)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。但(dan)是(shi)，雙(shuang)極(ji)工(gong)藝(yi)價(jia)格(ge)昂(ang)貴(gui)，國(guo)外(wai)的(de)霍(huo)耳(er)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)生(sheng)產(chan)廠(chang)家(jia)都(dou)已(yi)經(jing)放(fang)棄(qi)雙(shuang)極(ji)工(gong)藝(yi)而(er)采(cai)用(yong)CMOS工藝（國外的整機裝配車間都有防靜電設施）。電機廠家在采購使用霍耳傳感器芯片一定確定芯片的加工工藝是采用雙極製造工藝。
　　
第四：廠(chang)家(jia)沒(mei)有(you)考(kao)慮(lv)電(dian)機(ji)霍(huo)耳(er)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)芯(xin)片(pian)的(de)抗(kang)浪(lang)湧(yong)電(dian)壓(ya)或(huo)抗(kang)浪(lang)湧(yong)電(dian)流(liu)能(neng)力(li)。電(dian)動(dong)自(zi)行(xing)車(che)用(yong)的(de)無(wu)刷(shua)電(dian)機(ji)通(tong)常(chang)在(zai)較(jiao)大(da)功(gong)率(lv)下(xia)工(gong)作(zuo)
，電(dian)機(ji)定(ding)子(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)會(hui)流(liu)過(guo)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)電(dian)流(liu)。盡(jin)管(guan)霍(huo)耳(er)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)芯(xin)片(pian)與(yu)定(ding)子(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)電(dian)學(xue)上(shang)完(wan)全(quan)隔(ge)開(kai)SOOQ.cn版ban權quan所suo有you，但dan是shi，當dang繞rao組zu裏li的de電dian流liu快kuai速su換huan相xiang時shi
，會hui產chan生sheng很hen大da的de反fan衝chong電dian壓ya或huo稱cheng之zhi為wei浪lang湧yong電dian壓ya。如ru果guo控kong製zhi器qi裏li逆ni變bian器qi的de續xu流liu二er極ji管guan不bu能neng有you效xiao抑yi製zhi浪lang湧yong電dian壓ya脈mai衝chong（這個浪湧電壓對逆變器的功率場效應管危害更甚），就jiu有you可ke能neng通tong過guo控kong製zhi器qi傳chuan給gei霍huo耳er傳chuan感gan器qi的de電dian源yuan輸shu入ru端duan或huo輸shu出chu端duan版ban權quan所suo有you
，導dao致zhi霍huo耳er傳chuan感gan器qi受shou到dao損sun傷shang

，減jian小xiao霍huo耳er傳chuan感gan器qi的de使shi用yong壽shou命ming。霍huo耳er傳chuan感gan器qi芯xin片pian裏li的de電dian源yuan輸shu入ru端duan或huo輸shu出chu端duan的de保bao護hu電dian路lu要yao有you足zu夠gou的de能neng力li來lai抵di抗kang浪lang湧yong電dian壓ya或huo浪lang湧yong電dian流liu，這zhe會hui增zeng加jia芯xin片pian的de成cheng本ben。
　　
第五：tiaoxuanhaoleheshidehuoerchuanganqixinpian，changjiahaiyaozhuyirangcaozuoyuangongzhengquehanjie，hanjiewendubunengtaigao
，shijianbunengguochang。huoerchuanganqixinpiananzhuangdeweizhiyaojingque。suizhedianjigonglvdezengjiajinshujiagongwangbanquansuoyou
，zhuanzisuoyongcigangshumuzengjiadao50以上，槽數超過36，特別是對於電角度為60度du的de電dian機ji，如ru果guo霍huo耳er傳chuan感gan器qi芯xin片pian位wei置zhi安an裝zhuang稍shao有you偏pian差cha，會hui導dao致zhi檢jian測ce到dao轉zhuan子zi位wei置zhi的de電dian角jiao度du發fa生sheng錯cuo誤wu，會hui導dao致zhi換huan相xiang邏luo輯ji混hun亂luan造zao車che網wang版ban權quan所suo有you
，導dao致zhi控kong製zhi器qi和he電dian機ji損sun壞huai。
　　
yishangluolielewudaleiyouyuhuoerchuanganqixinpianxuanzeheshiyongbudangkenenghuidaozhidedianjishixiaoheguzhang。huoerchuanganqixinpianzaidiandongzixingcheyongdezhiliuwushuadianjidechengbenzhongxiandeweibuzudao，danshiqidaojiweiguanjiandezuoyong。dianjishengchanchangjiabuyinggaiweilechengbenerxuangoushimianshanglailubumingdedijiachanpin。weilebimianshangmiantidaodekenenghuifashengdewenti，dianjishengchanchangjiayingxuanzenaxienenggoutigongyouzhishouhoufuwudehuoerchuanganqixinpiangongyingshang。nenggoutigongyouzhishouhoufuwudegongyingshangyinggaijubeiqiangdadejishubeijing，baokuoweidianzijishu，jichengdianlushejijishu，zhiliuwushuadianjishejiheshengchanzhizaojishudeng，zheyangcainengweidianjishengchanchangjiatigongyouzhifuwu
，bimianshangmiantidaodekenengchuxiandewudaleiwenti。fouze，dianjichangjiaruguocaigouheshiyongbudangdehuoerchuanganqixinpiangongyezidonghuawang，kenenghuichanshengqianzaidekekaoxingwenti，shidedianjideshiyongshoumingyuandiyuyuqisheji。zuiyaomingdeshi，zhexiewentizaidianjichuchangshiwufazhenbie，zhehuigeidianjichangjiadailaijudadejingyingfengxian。