中心議題：

• 戶外電源的節能減排
• 節地技術

解決方案：

• 使係統始終工作在最佳效率區間
• 降低換熱單元能耗

suizhetongxinwangfugaifanweikuoda，yuanyoudejifangjianzhanmoshizaizhandianxuanze
，jianshesudu，touzidenggefangmianbunenggoushiyingwangluojianshedeyaoqiu。huwaijianzhanfangshiyuelaiyueduodebeiguangdayonghujieshou
，yongliangzhujianzengduo。genjubeimei，oumengdengfadaguojiadejianzhanjingyan，chaoguo50%的站點選用戶外建站方式。

congwoguodeshijiqingkuangkan

，huwaichanpindeyingyongfangxingweiai，muqianzaiyidongtongxinwangzhuyaoyingyongyupianyuandiqudebianjiwang
，bingkaishixiangchengqufazhan。zaiguwangjianshefangmian，suizhekuandaijianshedetisu

，yiguangjintongtuiweizhuyaofangxiangdejieruwangxiayigaizao，yechuxianledaliangdehuwaiguixuqiu。weilejinyibushishijienengzengxiao，jiangdiqiyeyunyingchengben，xuyaoduihuwaijianzhanfangshidenenghaoqingkuangjijienengwentijinxingzhuanmenyanjiu。

戶外電源的節能減排
　　
具ju體ti來lai說shuo，節jie能neng減jian排pai包bao括kuo節jie能neng，節jie地di
，節jie材cai，環huan保bao等deng諸zhu多duo方fang麵mian。節jie能neng可ke以yi降jiang低di能neng耗hao
，對dui降jiang低di運yun營ying成cheng本ben有you直zhi接jie作zuo用yong。節jie地di可ke以yi減jian少shao站zhan點dian建jian設she的de投tou入ru。節jie材cai可ke以yi降jiang低di材cai料liao耗hao費fei。這zhe幾ji個ge方fang麵mian也ye是shi相xiang輔fu相xiang成cheng的de
，比bi如ru設she備bei占zhan地di麵mian積ji小xiao，相xiang應ying的de會hui降jiang低di建jian站zhan材cai料liao的de耗hao費fei。此ci外wai

，戶hu外wai電dian源yuan直zhi接jie應ying用yong在zai戶hu外wai
，甚shen至zhi有you一yi些xie直zhi接jie安an裝zhuang在zai居ju民min區qu，因yin此ci，要yao更geng加jia重zhong視shi環huan保bao的de要yao求qiu，比bi如ru電dian磁ci輻fu射she
，音yin頻pin燥zao聲sheng
，材cai料liao汙wu染ran等deng都dou需xu要yao滿man足zu相xiang關guan的de標biao準zhun。

節能減排相關技術與解決方案

1.節能技術


戶外電源節能可以直接降低站點運營成本。此外，戶外電源多應用於偏遠站點，供電條件較差，配電變壓器rongliangjiaoxiao，peidianxianlusunhaoda。yinci，huwaidianyuanbenshennenghaodejiangdiduijiangdixianlusunhao
，baozhenggongdianzhiliangyeyoumingxianyiyi。huwaidianyuandenenghaozhuyaochanshengyulianggefangmian
，dianyuanbufenhehuanjingkongzhidanyuan
，yincijienengzhuyaocongliangfangmianrushoujiejue。
　　
針zhen對dui電dian源yuan部bu分fen的de損sun耗hao
，戶hu外wai電dian源yuan的de工gong作zuo模mo式shi和he室shi內nei電dian源yuan是shi一yi樣yang的de
，正zheng常chang情qing況kuang下xia為wei均jun流liu工gong作zuo模mo式shi。市shi電dian正zheng常chang時shi模mo塊kuai負fu載zai率lv較jiao低di，電dian源yuan係xi統tong大da多duo數shu沒mei有you工gong作zuo在zai係xi統tong最zui佳jia效xiao率lv區qu間jian，因yin此ci可ke以yi采cai用yong電dian源yuan模mo塊kuai休xiu眠mian技ji術shu根gen據ju係xi統tong負fu載zai狀zhuang態tai，動dong態tai調tiao整zheng工gong作zuo模mo塊kuai數shu量liang，使shi係xi統tong始shi終zhong工gong作zuo在zai最zui佳jia效xiao率lv區qu間jian
，從cong而er降jiang低di係xi統tong的de能neng耗hao。圖tu1表示了電源係統在普通工作模式下和節能模式下的係統典型效率比較。從圖1kekanchu，caiyongxiumianjienengmoshi，dianyuanxitongdexiaolvzaizhenggefuzaifanweineijibenbaochibubian，youxiaodejiangdiledianyuanxitongzaidifuzaitiaojianxiadenenghao。lingyifangmian，duiyuhuwaidianyuanlaishuo，dianyuanxitongxiaolvtigaohuijiangdishebeicangdefareliang，jiangdishebeicangdewendu。



yushineidianyuanxiangbi，huwaidianyuanjuyouzishendehuanjingkongzhidanyuan
，huanjingkongzhidanyuangenjuwaijiehuanjingwenduhezishenfareliangdeqingkuang
，tongguoshishireliangkongzhi，baozhengguineishebeidezhengchanggongzuo。qigongnengdengtongyushineizhandiandekongtiaoxitong，yincihuanjingkongzhidanyuanzhijieyingxiangshebeidekekaoxingjinenghao。zhengrujifangzhongkongtiaoxitongyiyang，huwaidianyuandehuanjingkongzhidanyuanbenshenyehuidailaiyidingdenenghao。tongguoxianjindejishuhesheji，zaibaozhengshebeikekaoxingdeqiantixiajiangdihuanjingkongzhidanyuandenenghao，duijiangdizhandiandeyunyingchengbenyoushijiyiyi。

jiangdihuanredanyuannenghao，shouxianyaoqiujiguidelianghaomifeng
，lianghaodejiguimifenghegerexingnengyifangmiankeyitigaoshebeidefanghunengli，lingwaikeyitigaohuanjingkongzhidanyuandexiaolv，congerjiangdijiguihuanjingkongzhidanyuandenenghao。duiyuhuwaidianyuanlaijiang
，guineireliangdesanfazhuyaotongguolengrekongqizhijianderejiaohuanjiangreliangdaizou。huanredanyuandehuanreliangjuedingyuxuanzederejiaohuanqijifengshanfengliang。fengshanshihuanjingkongzhidanyuandezhuyaohaonengbujian，fengshandefengliangyunenghaoyouzhijiededuiyingguanxi，rutu2所示，風扇通過調速改變風量，風扇轉速與耗能呈現二次曲線的特征，在轉速低於額定轉速的80%條件下，風扇的耗能處在額定能耗的60%以下。因此，風扇在大部分調速區間可以顯著降低能耗。[page]


考kao慮lv戶hu外wai電dian源yuan設she計ji條tiao件jian，風feng扇shan額e定ding風feng量liang的de選xuan擇ze是shi按an照zhao係xi統tong最zui極ji端duan工gong作zuo條tiao件jian考kao慮lv的de。然ran而er戶hu外wai電dian源yuan在zai大da多duo數shu條tiao件jian下xia，環huan境jing溫wen度du和he設she備bei倉cang的de發fa熱re量liang均jun遠yuan低di於yu係xi統tong極ji端duan條tiao件jian。因yin此ci，在zai環huan境jing溫wen度du較jiao低di或huo負fu載zai較jiao輕qing時shi
，風feng扇shan可ke以yi以yi較jiao低di的de轉zhuan速su滿man足zu係xi統tong散san熱re的de要yao求qiu，同tong時shi降jiang低di換huan熱re單dan元yuan的de的de能neng耗hao。圖tu3為艾默生某型戶外產品采用換熱單元調速技術
，環境溫度與換熱單元能耗的關係曲線：

從圖3可看出，隨著環境溫度的降低，換熱單元的耗能隨至減少。當環境溫度為20度時，換熱單元耗能隻是滿負荷功耗的25%，日可節約電能約1.5度。

節地技術
　　
節jie約yue占zhan地di是shi節jie能neng減jian排pai的de一yi個ge重zhong要yao指zhi標biao。戶hu外wai電dian源yuan主zhu要yao是shi滿man足zu站zhan點dian麵mian積ji小xiao，不bu方fang便bian建jian站zhan的de應ying用yong，因yin此ci減jian少shao占zhan地di麵mian積ji可ke方fang便bian站zhan點dian尋xun址zhi並bing可ke降jiang低di建jian站zhan成cheng本ben。如ru采cai用yongH型(xing)杆(gan)或(huo)塔(ta)架(jia)安(an)裝(zhuang)時(shi)
，減(jian)少(shao)占(zhan)地(di)麵(mian)積(ji)可(ke)以(yi)減(jian)少(shao)配(pei)套(tao)鋼(gang)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)投(tou)資(zi)，在(zai)城(cheng)市(shi)中(zhong)樓(lou)頂(ding)或(huo)過(guo)道(dao)安(an)裝(zhuang)時(shi)
，減(jian)少(shao)占(zhan)地(di)麵(mian)積(ji)可(ke)以(yi)減(jian)少(shao)租(zu)金(jin)和(he)增(zeng)加(jia)站(zhan)點(dian)選(xuan)擇(ze)靈(ling)活(huo)性(xing)。
　　
戶外機櫃采用全正麵維護設計可以在較大程度上減小戶外機櫃占地麵積。圖4是shi采cai用yong不bu同tong維wei護hu方fang式shi的de戶hu外wai電dian源yuan占zhan地di麵mian積ji的de比bi較jiao。從cong圖tu中zhong可ke看kan出chu
，雙shuang麵mian維wei護hu的de係xi統tong要yao在zai兩liang麵mian留liu足zu維wei護hu空kong間jian和he四si周zhou的de過guo道dao

，最zui低di占zhan地di麵mian積ji要yao求qiu也ye需xu要yao2.4平米
，相比單麵維護不到1平米的占地麵積要求，雙麵維護的櫃體顯然會增加占地投資和站點選擇難度。

環保
　　
環保包括材料汙染，音頻噪聲汙染及電網汙染等方麵。
　　
考(kao)慮(lv)當(dang)前(qian)的(de)電(dian)源(yuan)技(ji)術(shu)水(shui)平(ping)和(he)戶(hu)外(wai)電(dian)源(yuan)應(ying)用(yong)場(chang)合(he)，材(cai)料(liao)汙(wu)染(ran)和(he)音(yin)頻(pin)噪(zao)聲(sheng)汙(wu)染(ran)在(zai)戶(hu)外(wai)電(dian)源(yuan)設(she)計(ji)時(shi)需(xu)要(yao)重(zhong)點(dian)關(guan)注(zhu)。因(yin)為(wei)多(duo)數(shu)戶(hu)外(wai)站(zhan)點(dian)位(wei)於(yu)自(zi)然(ran)環(huan)境(jing)優(you)美(mei)的(de)地(di)區(qu)或(huo)者(zhe)城(cheng)市(shi)人(ren)口(kou)密(mi)集(ji)區(qu)。因(yin)此(ci)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)汙(wu)染(ran)尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)重(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)汙(wu)染(ran)對(dui)環(huan)境(jing)有(you)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)破(po)壞(huai)
，音(yin)頻(pin)噪(zao)音(yin)過(guo)大(da)對(dui)居(ju)民(min)工(gong)作(zuo)生(sheng)活(huo)帶(dai)來(lai)不(bu)便(bian)
，從(cong)而(er)影(ying)響(xiang)設(she)備(bei)使(shi)用(yong)。
　　
針對材料汙染
，歐盟頒布了RoHS環保指令，國內信息產業部頒布了《電子信息產品汙染控製管理辦法》，要求設備不含重金屬汙染並對設備汙染排放控製承諾相關時間。艾默生戶外產品係列全麵滿足歐盟及中國環保指令要求，並承諾50年的汙染物排放控製時間。
　　
音頻噪聲汙染主要控製方法是選用低噪音換熱單元，同時機櫃采用消音措施。研究表明
，換熱單元調速可有效的降低機櫃噪音。圖5是(shi)某(mou)型(xing)戶(hu)外(wai)產(chan)品(pin)噪(zao)音(yin)水(shui)平(ping)與(yu)環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(du)關(guan)係(xi)曲(qu)線(xian)
，從(cong)曲(qu)線(xian)可(ke)看(kan)出(chu)，采(cai)用(yong)調(tiao)速(su)後(hou)，隨(sui)著(zhe)環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(du)減(jian)小(xiao)，戶(hu)外(wai)櫃(gui)噪(zao)音(yin)明(ming)顯(xian)降(jiang)低(di)。由(you)於(yu)夜(ye)晚(wan)時(shi)環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(du)變(bian)低(di)，因(yin)此(ci)采(cai)用(yong)該(gai)項(xiang)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)設(she)備(bei)晚(wan)間(jian)有(you)更(geng)低(di)的(de)噪(zao)音(yin)水(shui)平(ping)，非(fei)常(chang)符(fu)合(he)實(shi)際(ji)應(ying)用(yong)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)需(xu)要(yao)。


高可靠性，降低維護成本
　　
ciwai
，caiyonghuwaidianyuandezhandianduoshujiaotongbubian，weihuchengbengao。yinci

，tongguohelideshejitigaoxitongkekaoxing，jiangdizhandianweihuchengben，duitigaowangluoyunyingxiaolvfeichangguanjian。
　　
genjuhuwaidianyuandeyingyongqingkuang，xudianchizaizhenggezhandiantouzizhongzhanbizhongjiaoda
，tongshixudianchiduihuanjingwendubianhuabijiaomingan
，lilunhejingyanbiaoming，dianchidehuanjingwendumeishenggaoshidu，dianchideshoumingjiangjianshaoyiban。yincihuwaidianyuanshejizhongzhenduidianchicangdehuanjingkongzhifeichangguanjian。youqizaigaowenhuanjingzhongyaoyouzhenduixingdesanrecuoshi，yanjiubiaoming

，chuantongdezirankaikongsanrenanyimanzudianchideyingyongyaoqiu。

在(zai)傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)自(zi)然(ran)開(kai)孔(kong)散(san)熱(re)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)，雖(sui)然(ran)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)自(zi)身(shen)發(fa)熱(re)量(liang)較(jiao)小(xiao)，但(dan)隨(sui)著(zhe)環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度(du)的(de)升(sheng)高(gao)，在(zai)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)倉(cang)中(zhong)的(de)熱(re)累(lei)積(ji)會(hui)逐(zhu)步(bu)的(de)升(sheng)高(gao)電(dian)池(chi)倉(cang)的(de)溫(wen)度(du)
，在(zai)太(tai)陽(yang)照(zhao)射(she)的(de)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)情(qing)況(kuang)更(geng)為(wei)嚴(yan)重(zhong)。如(ru)圖(tu)6所示
，在自然散熱條件下(倉內無主動散熱措施)
，dianchicangneiwenduhuiyuangaoyuhuanjingwendu。zaitongyangdetiaojianxia

，caiyongzhudongsanrejishu，dianchicangneiwendujibenjiejinyuhuanjingwendu，dianchigongzuotiaojianhuidedaojidagaishan。genjucixiangyanjiujieguo，aimoshengkaifaledianchicangdulifengdaosanrejishu，baozhengledianchicangdechongfensanre，jidadegaishanledianchigongzuowendu，tigaoledianchishouming。
　　
tongyangzaidiwenhuanjingxia
，dianchicangbixuyouchongfendejiarehebaowencuoshi。shidianchichuyukezhengchangfangdiandezhuangtai。chuantongdejiarefangshishijubujiare，liyongziranduiliudefangshishireliangchuandidaodianchicanggebufen。zhezhongjiarefangshidebuzuzhichushineibureliangfenbubujunyun，kaojinjiareqifujinrongyixingchengjubuguore，duidianchideshoumingxingchengbuliyingxiang。

針對這種應用
，艾默生戶外產品的解決方案是采用PTCgaozhiliangdejiaredanyuan
，bingjiangjiareqilikaidianchizuyibimianjubuhongkao。zaijiareqigongzuoshi，tongguodutedefengdaoshejijiangreliangjunyundesongdaodianchicanggebufen
，baozhengdianchicangdejiarejunyun。tongshi
，zaicangtineibuxuanyonggaozhiliangdebaowencailiao

，shireliangbaocunchijiu。tongguozhexiecuoshi，shixudianchizaigezhonghuanjingtiaojianxiayouyigejiaoshihedegongzuowenduhuanjing，jinkenengdeyanchangdianchishouming，tigaoxitongkekaoxing。
　　
此外，戶外電源在結構設計，環境監控，安裝等方麵都充分考慮了應用環境的要求
，使係統的維護量降到最低。

suizhehuwaidianyuanyingyongzhujianzengduohejienengjianpaigongzuodebuduanshenru

，huwaichanpindejienengwentimiqieguanxidaochanpindekehujiazhi。benwenconghuwaichanpindejienengjianpaiguanzhudianchufa，congjieneng，jiedi，huanbao
，jiangdiweihuchengbendengjiaodufenxileaimoshenghuwaichanpindexiangguanjishujiqikehujiazhi。yanjiubiaoming，aimoshenghuwaichanpinzaijienengjianpaifangmiandexiangguanjishukeyiyouxiaodejiangdizhandiandetouzichengbenheweihuchengben
，cujinzhenggewangluodejienengzengxiao。